Repeat after me

Take a moment to refer to the flowchart outlining the lyrics of Hey Jude by The Beatles. A less concise, more precise chart of the lyrics might list each and every time 'Na' is sung. An even more precise representation would include the timing, pitch, and tempo, like a piece of sheet music might illustrate.

However, even the precise notation that musicians rely on, allows for shortcuts to indicate repetition. The colon symbol below indicates a phrase that is to be repeated once:

Instructions

Answer the following questions about representing repetition algorithmically with programming.