Integrating Quotes, Building Paragraphs

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1. For introducing quotes four typed lines or shorter:

Aristotle claims that “____________________” (1227b 5-10).
As Aristotle suggests, “____________________” (1227b 5-10).
Munro complicates matters further when she describes Marlene this way: “____________________” (117).

2. For introducing quotes four typed lines or longer:

Aristotle makes this clear in the following passage:

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________. (1227b 5-10)

[NB: Indent ten spaces from left; drop “quotation marks.”]

3. For explaining and extending meaning of quoted material:

Basically, Aristotle is saying that ____________________________________.
In other words, Aristotle believes that ______________________________.
In making this observation, Appiah implies that ________________________.
What is important to note here is that Munro is showing ________________________.
Aristotle’s use of the word “_________ “ reveals his belief that ________________.
The essence of the argument is clear: _________________________________________.

4. For summarizing material:

As a general rule, analytical summary requires balancing what the original author is saying with your own focus. It must be accurate to what the original author’s meaning while at the same time emphasizing those aspects of what you found important. It means being respectful of what the authors involved are saying.

Appiah demonstrates that ______.
In fact, Wollstonecraft differs from Newman in that _________.
Bryant emphasizes _______.

5. For stating your views:

Disagreeing, with reasons:

I think Highsmith is mistaken because she overlooks ___________.
Appiah’s claim that ___________ rests on the questionable assumption that __________.
By focusing on _________________, Weil overlooks the deeper problem of the role of identity as seen in such key moments as___________.

Agreeing, with reasons:

Newman’s theory of ____________ is extremely convincing because ___________.
I agree with Butler’s idea that _________________________ because _________________.

Agreeing and Disagreeing at the same time. (Yes, but)

Although I agree with Mill up to a point, I cannot see his view that ____________.
Although I disagree with Munro on her main points, I agree with her idea that _______.
Aristotle is right about __________________, but I still insist that ______________________.

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Source:

Graff, Gerald and Cathy Birkenstein. They Say, I Say. New York: WW Norton, 2006. Print.